The TOEFL test is a test of
English proficiency which assesses a candidate based on the needs of the
academe. This means that it does not only look into the accuracy Grammar and
the use of words when expressing, the TOEFL also considers what we call
coherence. These means that relationships between and among ideas are explicit.
This can also mean that ideas flow smoothly into one another.
Cohesion can be achieved with the
use of transition words and phrases. Here are common expressions used to create
a smooth exposition for writing and speaking. They are grouped according to
use.
1. Enumeration of Ideas
Example:
First, second, last Another Also
“There are
several reasons for near-normal occurrence of flooding in Metro Manila. First, the drainage systems are blocked
off by trash. Another reason is the
ineffective flood control projects. Lastly,
there is the questionable budget use when it comes to flood control programs.”
2. Chronology of events
Example:
After Before During While
Before the water rises, it would be
prudent for the local government to suspend classes, especially for children.
Suspending work after students and
employees have gone to schools and workplaces would only expose them further to
the dangers of heavy rains. During
one of the worst flooding in 2009, the Ondoy, this was what happened.
Government suspended classes and work while
people were already in the middle of what they were doing. As a result, many
people were stranded.
3. Cause and Effect
Because as
a result so due to consequentially
“Because the storm intensified the
monsoon, the metro experienced severe flooding.”
“There are
problems in check and balance. As a
result, it was quite easy for corrupt officials to steal the people’s
money.”
4. Presenting contradicting ideas
Example:
Even though Although But Despite
“Even though there are measures to
prevent flooding and address its effects, these measures will be useless if not
funded properly.”
“The government
has issued a mandatory evacuation order, but
the people in flood-prone areas refused to leave their homes.”
5. Concluding ideas through summarization
In conclusion To summarize To
wrap it all up
“In conclusion, there are three primary
reasons for the improvement of disaster management: to deliver to the people
the quality service their money funded, to prevent destruction of property, and
to prevent the loss of lives.”
These transition words are very
important in creating a smooth transition of ideas, which is a criteria in the
writing and speaking part of the TOEFL. Use them well. There are a lot more
words and phrases that you can use. Ask your teacher about them.
Good luck!
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